| GENES
&ENVIRONMENT
Ridley, Matt (2004) THE AGILE GENE New York: Harper/Collins.
Ridley indicates that evolutionary psychology is not as threatening to
the social sciences as first thought. The social sciences bravely held
on to the blank slate in reaction to biological reductionisms. What Ridley
is saying is that not only do nature
AND nurture help explain behavior, but that the two are interactive and
complimentary. They become entwined.
After hundreds of pages of discussion, he follows with these generalities.
1. Genes are enablers they do not make a human one type of person. Environment
still plays a powerful role.
2. Parents are extremely important for their genetic contributions as
well as their environmental ones.
3. After about 10 years old, the peer group has an extremely powerful
message. Parental determinism is overstated. What parents can do is choose
neighborhoods where their children can prosper.
4. Meritocracies are more equalitarian and are best helped by genes followed
by environment... Smart ambitious people rise to the top and choose attractive
mates. That is the leveler. Beauty does not necessarily translate into
brains. Further, they may seek a number of partners sire kids and then
essentially leave them. They also can have children and indulge them,
thus reducing their ambition. In the previous sentences, nearly every
sentence has both nature and nurture in it. Beauty also requires a lot
of environment with diet, exercise, cosmetics. Brainy people can lose
in the market if they are not street wise. That requires the environment.
5. Race is not only genetic but socially constructed. As time goes on,
what alliances have the racial minority encouraged to get their share
of the pie? Each IQ tests show improvement in intellectual growth. Many
in minorities live horrible lives and thus academic cognition suffers.
However, sex, age, and race are the most notable and noticeable. Cognitive
growth is correlated with the diminishment of caste. Further, nearly 20%
of whites are black (have black heritage.)
6. Individuality prospers in societies where it is allowed. When there
is opposition, the group sooner or later falls or changes. Social policy
will bloom if individuality is encouraged.
7. Individuals make choices flavored by nature and nature and are accountable
for their violations of law. There appears to be a non-linear causality.
It means that the brain may be predisposed to one thing and yet is surrounded
by external factors that then become part of the brain. Free will of the
soft indeterminism variety appears to be salient here.
It is time to move on with the use of looking at the combined work of
both nature and nurture people and look upon the combination of the two
as the next new paradigm.
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